Why did the ancient Southern Song Dynasty village where Confucius lived in seclusion recruit villagers from all over the world?
Author: Yang Yang
Source: “Beijing Youth Daily”
Time: Confucius was in the year 2567, Bingshen, September 25, Gengchen
Jesus, October 25, 2016
Mystery
July 2016, Juxi, a small village surrounded by mountains, suddenly sent out a message to recruit ten “villagers” from all over the world. “Masters of Chinese studies, masters of cloth art, masters of photography, masters of media…” If you dare to come on New Year’s Eve, we will dare to do it.
An unknown small village and recruiting “villagers” from the world? This huge contrast has aroused the interest of many people. After contacting the village chief, Jamaicans Sugardaddy was even more surprised: Come on, I will provide you with a house. ” “Mingtang” we have eighteen.
So, we entered the village in a hurry. It took more than two hours of high-speed driving from Hangzhou toward Jinhua. When we turned on the road covered with green bamboos, we saw a Jiangnan village surrounded by streams, which was Juxi.
Juxi Village is located in a narrow mountain at the southern foot of Dapan Mountain In the basin, the Keyaki River, filled with jade and dancing beads, passes by the village. There is a yew tree more than thirty meters high at the entrance of the village. The shadow of the tree is whirling and it casts a cool breeze. Surrounded by mountains and lush forests, it is like a paradise on earth.
After asking, 95% of the villagers here have the surname Kong, and they have lived in seclusion since the Southern Song DynastyJamaicans Escorthere. There is a family temple in the village, which is dedicated to Saint Kong, the “eternal teacher”. The composition of the family temple shows that the villagers in front of me are all descendants of Confucius.
It was originally known that there were two temples in the Confucius family: Qufu in the north and Quzhou in the south. So where did this village and these descendants of the Kong family come from? Why do they live in seclusion here? The mystery is even bigger.
The Confucius moved south:
“The emperor has mercy on our elegant descendants and cleanses China. “Chou Lu Chen”
Kong Xiangjun is a young man wearing a Chinese-style homespun white shirt, with a crew cut and a southern accent. Everyone likes to call him by his nickname, “Ten Thousand”. The only young man in the village took me to visit his family temple and told me the story of his ancestors’ migration to the south.
Jingkang and Jingkang were disgraced, and the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed. In Kong Yiwan’s narration, time went back to more than 800 years ago. In 1127 AD, Zhao Gou established the Southern Song Dynasty. Two Jamaica Sugar Daddy years later, the Jin soldiers went south, and Song Gaozong Zhao Gou fled in panic. As descendants of Confucius, the Confucius family began to wander with the turbulent court. According to relevant records and genealogy records, the 48th grandson of Confucius succeeded Kong Duanyou, the Holy Duke of Yan, Kong Duangong, the judge of Dali Temple, and other descendants of the Confucius family, and followed Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty to the south. The ancestor of Kong Yiwan was Kong Duangong, the commentator of Dali Temple.
After arriving in Lin’an (entering Hangzhou), Yanshenggong Kong Duanyou took the regular wooden statues of Confucius and his wife to Quzhou, and finally settled in Linghu, Xi’an, Quzhou, known as ” Kong’s Quzhou Nanzong”. Kong YiwanJamaica Sugar Daddy‘s ancestor Kong Duangong still followed Song Gaozong to Zhang’an Town, Taizhou.
However, Song Gaozong hurriedly boarded the boat to avoid trouble at sea in the storm. Kong Duangong and others followed the emperor and saw that Gaozong’s ship had already disappeared at sea. They had no choice but to change their route to the west, hoping to meet their brother Kong Duanyou in Quzhou.
The mountain road was rugged and the carriage and horse were tiring. Kong Duangong’s father, Kong Ruojun, was overwhelmed by the long journey when he reached Juxi River. When the disease breaks out, we can only take a temporary break. In the cold docks of the mountains and the corners of the sea, Kong Ruojun wrote this poem in the midst of the illness: If the country is in danger, how could he know that the temple forest is three thousand miles away, and the bones and blood are still there. Eighty-nine people are wandering. Gu Yingkong has high ambitions, and he is surprised to see Mei Liuchun. The emperor has mercy on me, and cleanses the ugly people of China. “>Jamaicans Sugardaddy“
Soon, Kong Ruojun passed away in a foreign country with regret. Kong Duangong buried his father at the back dock of Zhongshan Mountain on the north bank of Keyaki River. In order to fulfill his filial piety, he could not bear Jamaicans Sugardaddy to leave.
Tai Gong Tree:
“Wherever this seedling is planted in the soil and takes root, it is my family. “The new address is also”
Why didn’t the Kong family in Juxi later go to Quzhou to meet up? Why set the tribe in a deep mountain surrounded by mountains and with inconvenient road conditions? People in history have already traveled westward, and future generations can only find clues from the Kong family genealogy and oral stories.
There is a saying that Kong Duan saw the winding mountains of Juxi Mountain, Jamaicans SugardaddyThe water is clear and the folk customs are mellow, so I decided to settle here. But some people refute that more than 800 years ago, Juxi was inaccessible and perhaps a land of tigers and wolves. Others said that Kong Duan saw the corruption in the court and wanted to retire, so he took this opportunity to live in seclusion, stay away from disputes, farm and study. Heirloom. Judging from the tradition of farming and reading in Juxi Village, it is true that Jamaica Sugar Daddy‘s descendants have reproduced like this since then. But there is no way to verify Kong Duangong’s intentions.
Only one 888-year-old cypress tree has witnessed the history of the Keyaki River Kong family, and it is the yew tree at the entrance of the village.
Next to the tomb of the ancestor Kong Duangonggong, there is a huge cypress tree, also known as yew. The tree is 37 meters tall, with a chest circumference of 5.6 meters and a crown width of 21 meters. It stands tall and strong with lush branches and leaves. People in Juxi call it the “Tai Gong Tree”.
Tai Gong Tree
The origin of “Tai Gong Tree” is quite magical. More than 800 years ago, when Kong Duangong traveled south with Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty, he brought a juniper sapling from Konglin in Qufu and made a vow: “Wherever this seedling is planted and takes root, it will be the new site of my family.” . Wherever they go, they bury juniper saplings in the ground, and when they move around, they pull them up and take them away. Arriving at the Juchuan River in Yongkang, which is tomorrow’s Juxi River, his father KongJM Escorts Ruojun died of illness. By the time Kong Duan Gong finished taking care of his father’s funeral, the juniper saplings had sprouted. Kong Duangong sighed to himself that “it was really God’s will”, so he transplanted the cypress saplings to the foot of Yanshan Mountain in northern Sichuan and settled in Keyaki River (today’s Keyaki River).
Hidden in the mountains and unknown to anyone
The descendants of Kong Duangong have been living in Juju since then Xixi has thrived and multiplied for more than 800 years, forming a bloodline village dominated by the Kong family.
Decades after Kong Duangong settled in Juxi, in the second year of Baoyou in the Southern Song Dynasty (1254), Song Lizong, who had settled down for a while, recalled that Kong Duangong said, “You are not a fool.” What? People say that a spring night is worth a thousand dollars, and you are a fool for wasting your precious time here with your mother.” Mother Pei rolled her eyes, and then, as if it was a good thing, she followed the example of the Kong Family Temple in Quzhou. A family temple was built in front of the Xingtan Garden on the south bank of the Keyaki River. The emperor bestowed a gold plaque with the title “Teacher of All Times” and decreed that the descendants of Kong Duangong would be exempted from taxes and labor as a rule. The person with the longest white body could be recommended for appointment by the imperial court, so he was called ” Wuzhou Nankong Queli” (Jinhua was called Wuzhou in ancient times).
However, things have changed. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, for more than 300 years, Duangong’s descendants were falsely accused of pretending to be saints, and they did not receive any favors or exemptions from taxes and labor. The 88-year-old Kong Jinliang (whose generation name is Xiang) who now lives in “Xingyuan Academy” took out his thick family tree and told me about the “Controversy between Real Confucius and Fake Confucius.”
Kong Duangong’s descendants lived in seclusion in the mountains and gradually had less contact with the outside world. There were two scholars in Yongkang County. Out of jealousy, they fabricated that the Keyakigawa Kong family was not a descendant of Confucius, and made a monument in Minglun Hall saying that the Keyakigawa Kong family “pretended to be a descendant of a saint.” The word “Keyaki” has the same pronunciation as “ghost” in the local accent, and local squires also rumored that the people of Keyaki River are the descendants of ghosts.
Overview of Juxi Village
Nearly three hundred In 1998, the Kong family of Keyakichuan did not know about this matter. It was not until the eighteenth year of Guangxu’s reign that Kong Xiancheng, the chief administrator of Yongkang, discovered this matter when he checked the county annals. Genealogy, braving the scorching heat, found Kong Qingyi, the “Doctor of the Five Classics” at that time.
Kong Qingyi’s mother was celebrating her birthday and said to Kong Qingyi: “Son, hurry up. “We must be rehabilitated.” Early the next morning, Kong Qingyi rushed to Keyaki River in a sedan chair. Kong Qingyi was a native of Qufu, Shandong Province, the 72nd generation grandson of Confucius, and inherited a doctorate in the Five Classics from the Hanlin Academy. His testimony rehabilitated the Confucius family in Keyaki River.
In the current Juxi Kong Family Temple, there is a plaque with the word “Ruzai” written on it. The two characters are in different fonts and there is no inscription. The locals say, “Ruzai”. “Zai” was written by Kong Qingyi. Because the master drank too much wine during the celebration after his rehabilitation, Kong Qingyi wrote the inscription after drinking and forgot to inscribe the title.
“The Analects of Confucius·Eight Hundreds”: “Sacrifices are as if they are present, sacrifices to gods are as if gods are present. “It means that when worshiping gods and ancestors, it seems that the person being sacrificed is right in front of you. Kong Yiwan is responsible for the explanation of the family temple, and he explained the word “as in” to me. Jamaicans SugardaddyBut the reason why this plaque has been preserved is because it was used to build a pig pen during the Ten Years of Disaster.
When Shi Wan was a child, his “family temple” was a local rice processing factory. Whenever he passed Duan Cemetery while playing at night, he would run past in a hurry. I just remember that around 1996, a group of people entered the village, and someone pointed at the stone wall of his house and said, “This cannot be demolished, it must be protected.” ”
Because it is hidden in the mountains, the Juxi Family Temple was once again forgotten. Until Hong Tiecheng, an architectural expert in Dongyang, Zhejiang Province, sorted out local information and found architectural experts to demonstrate, which took 10 years. Years later, the composition of the Keyaki Kong Family Temple was finally confirmed
Jamaica SugarThe third Confucius family temple in ChinaJM Escorts
The “family temple” is, after all, the same as the Confucian temples everywhere Differences are an important place for families surnamed Kong to honor their ancestors. Because Confucius was in a prestigious position, it was called the “family temple”.
The last Confucius Family Temple in Juxi and the Confucius Family Temple of Nanzong in Quzhou were both built by imperial decree. Since the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it has experienced several ups and downs and has been repaired from generation to generation. How long will you stay at the existing Keyaki River? “The Confucius Family Temple is not on the old site. The main body is a building from the middle and early Qing Dynasty. It consists of a gate tower, a stage, a courtyard, a front hall, a hallway, two small courtyards, and a back hall. The Juxi Family Temple is dedicated to Confucius and Juxi Kong Ruojun and Kong Duangong, the originators of the Kong family, are both family temples and ancestral halls. They are the physical record of the bloodline and civilization inheritance of the descendants of the Kong family in Juxi for more than 800 years.
On the altar in the back hall , enshrining the tablets of ancestors. There is a couplet on the two back gold pillars in front of the altar, which reads, “The source of the Zhiwuyi Sect is deep and the Gui River flows long.” “Nishan” and “Sishui” are in Qufu, Shandong, and “Yanshan” and “Guishui” are in Juxi Village Jamaicans Sugardaddy. p>
Ten Thousand led me mysteriously to the stone foundations of several beams and columns, some of which were melon-shaped and some were round. The only thing that was the same was the year and month. The ancient stone pillars were covered with a layer of light green moss. He proudly introduced them as “from the Southern Song Dynasty”, “from the Yuan Dynasty”, “from the Ming Dynasty” and “from the Qing Dynasty”. It was built and its site was changed three times. The current family temple is composed of the remaining components of the family temples of the past dynasties.
The middle seam of the hall is a wooden frame with raised beams, and the side seams are through the belly. The column-reduced wooden frame is surrounded by hollow brick walls. There are no partition walls, doors or windows in the interior space. Jamaicans Escort The space is very spacious and smooth.
Jamaica Sugar Daddy
The eaves of the hall have wooden corbels and beams Fang, the beam is carved with two dragons grabbing beads, and the corbels are carved with lions. The original golden plaque “Teacher of All Times” given by the emperor to the family temple has long been destroyed.
During the “Cultural Revolution”, the family temple was looted. The golden plaque of “Eternal Master” given by the emperor, the deft and exquisite “Dragon Court”, thousands of ancestor tablets, together with the “Kong Family Genealogy” Lan Mu was stunned for a moment, pretending to eat and said: “I just want dad. , Don’t want mom, mom will be jealous.” Everything was burned down, and only one Confucius Temple remained. In 1988, someone put forward the suggestion of “demolish the family temple and build a theater.” When the 74th generation Fan Dinggong heard about it, he hurriedly shouted, and the villagers gathered at the family temple. The old people said that the family temple would be demolished unless they passed over my body. . The family temple was saved from disaster.
In May 2006, the Kong Family Temple in Juxi became a national key cultural relic protection unit. The Confucius Family Temple in Juxi is one of the only three Confucius Family Temples in my country.
Village Revitalization: Zheng Fenlan and her homespun cloth
Meet “village chief” Zheng Fenlan, who is weaving with the “weaver girls” in the village. The average age of the “weaver girls” is over 60 years old. They use innovative small looms and shuttle like boats. Zheng Fenlan is the honorary village head of Juxi. Although her surname is not Kong, she has become the home of Juxi Village.
“I am the honorary village chief, so I will just be a receptionist.” Zheng Fenlan said quickly, and is the “intangible cultural heritage” inheritor of Zhejiang Province’s homespun textile skills. “Homespun” and “hiking” are her two major hobbies. Zheng Fenlan’s hometown is in another village in Pan’an County where Juxi is located. It was a large village with more than a thousand households, and a river ran through the village. When he was a child, Zheng Fenlan also lived in the old house and slept by the river. Later, the family moved into the city and the old houses in the village were demolished. For her, Key Creek feels close to her hometown. Her homespun “intangible cultural heritage” practice is in Hangzhou, but she often gets lost in the city. “When I return to the village, I can tell the direction based on the direction of the river.” Zheng Fenlan said.
Although she loves rural life, she still doesn’t want to Jamaica Sugar DaddyI want to be the honorary village head of Jamaica Sugar CreekJamaica Sugar CreekJM Escorts, it wasn’t until Pan Linlin, the female director of the Media, Radio and Television Bureau, came to her for the fifth time that she relaxed. It rained heavily in Hangzhou that day Jamaica Sugar As noted, Pan Linlin made an appointment with her, but the car was blocked on the other side of the road and couldn’t get through. Because time was tight, Pan Linlin ran in the rain, her clothes were soaked, and she even broke one of her heels.
Why does Pan Linlin have to find Zheng Fenlan? Because there is JM Escorts the ancient village of Juxi with a population of more than 1,000. At present, the permanent population is only more than 200. Kong Yiwan is one of the villagers. The only young man. The old people process wooden clips for the Yiwu Small Commodity Market. Each clip is 8 centimeters, and 1,000 of them only costs 8 yuan. “An ancient village with mountains and rivers, people with humanities, and simple villagers” is about to die. Revitalizing the countryside requires strong people.
Zheng Fenlan, the first from the left
That morning, Zheng Fenlan’s father called her. This phone call came from Pan Linlin’s father’s request. Pan Linlin and Zheng Fenlan are from the same village. Many years ago, Zheng Fenlan’s younger brother was born a newborn, and the family’s food stamps were not enough. Pan’s father was the secretary of the village supply and marketing cooperative at the time and helped Zheng Fenlan’s family. Zheng Fenlan’s father said on the phone: “If we don’t go back, we are unscrupulousJamaica Sugar.”
Zheng Fenlan’s husband said that she is a person who has to walk further after reaching the Yellow River. Having made up his mind, JM Escorts Zheng Fenlan moved his loom and shuttle to Juxi. “I have a fantasy of a handicraft village. Craftsmanship can also be lived with dignity. Homespun cloth should lay the foundation back to the countryside.” Zheng Fenlan wants to use Juxi as the production base of the “intangible cultural heritage” training center in the city to achieve “urban-rural linkage” “.
Recruiting “villagers”: the expectation of “ten thousand”
In order to better understand this ancient village of the Southern Song Dynasty that is nearly 900 years old, Zheng Finland invited Xi Xuesong, an associate professor of urban and rural planning at China Agricultural University, to “go to the countryside”. Mr. Xi took his graduate students to conduct a comprehensive investigation of Juxi five times. In his view, because Juxi is located in a remote location, the ancient buildings from the Ming and Qing Dynasties have been relatively intact, and the infrastructure has been built. Jamaica Sugar Daddy‘s national title, but it’s still a hollow village.
Juxi Village has “Shangfang Ancestral Hall”, “Jiusitang”, “Xingtan Academy”, “Yuqingtang”, “Yongfangtang” and other eighteen A “Mingtang”. “Mingtang” refers to the large buildings of Sanheyuan and Siheyuan. Most of these buildings have two-story wooden frames with wooden doors and windows, and the exterior walls are surrounded by brick walls or gravel and brick walls. The family temple, family tree, and family home of the Keyaki River Kong family are all there, and other Jamaicans Escort content still needs to be discovered.
After discussing with Mr. Xi, Zheng Fenlan chose his “intangible cultural heritage” base in “Jiusitang”, which is located in a key location in the middle of the village. Jiusitang is Kong Yiwan’s home.
Jiusitang is a Qing Dynasty building built by Kong Chengji, the 60th generation grandson of the Kong family. Ten thousand people call him “Tai Gong”. Kong Chengxie was sensitive and studious since he was a child. He was well-read and had a close friendship with Zhang Chun, the magistrate of Yongkang County. After Zhang Chun was promoted, he took “The Analects of Confucius” as saying, “A gentleman has nine thoughts”, that is, “seeing to think wise, listening to think wise, looking to think warm, looking to be courteous, speaking to think of loyalty, doing things to be respectful, doubtful and questioning, angry and thinking difficult, seeing “Get Si Yi” and inscribed the plaque “Jiusi Tang”.
This is a three-sided courtyard facing south and north, with fifteen rooms and a complete layout. The exterior wall is made of bricks outside and gravel inside, and is 43 cm thick. On the first day that Zheng Fenlan arrived, he solved JM Escorts the problem of firewood, rice, oil and salt, and didn’t even care about the bare walls and falling furniture. Dust, she wants to search for people all over the world, and bring her to Juxi Jamaica Sugar DaddyThe descendants of the Kong family were also called back.
Kong Yiwan was originally an “alternative” in the village. When he sees someone destroying buildings in the village, he will definitely step forward to take action. This young man in his twenties always talks about “drinking water and remembering the source, seeking roots and prospering ancestors”. He mentioned the word “ashamed” and felt that as a descendant of the Kong family, he had not done enough in all aspects. His home is always stocked with calligraphy brushes and books on Chinese studies. His greatest wish is, “You should know that I only have one daughter, Jamaica Sugar Daddy and I regard her as my treasure , no matter what she wants, I will try my best to satisfy her, even if this time your family says that they will break off the marriage and invite the calligraphers and painters who came to Juxi to write the three words “Jiusitang”, one day in the future we can build the “Jiusi Hall” The plaque of “Jiusitang” was hung back.
Ten Thousand is lonely in the village. His low income also puts him under increasing pressure. Before Zheng Fenlan came, he had already prepared to go out to work.
After the news of the recruitment of “honorary villagers” was released, thousands of people signed up for Juxi. Villagers in other places also began to ask Zheng Fenlan. A middle-aged man who had settled in Jinhua sat on the threshold of Jiusi Hall and asked Ten Wan: “What is the name of my house?” “His old Sanheyuan house in Juxi has been uninhabited for a long time. When he came back this time, he couldn’t get in because he couldn’t find the key.
“Zexi, I will be back. “”, the vows of the descendants of the Kong family in Juxi became clear when they left their hometown. Kong Yiwan handed me a book called “The Ups and Downs of Juxi”. This ancient village in the Southern Song Dynasty, which has unveiled its mysterious veil, has experienced several twists and turns in its long history. After the ups and downs, a corner was pulled up with silk thread and shuttle
Photography/Kong Xiaoxiao, Yang Yang and others
Editor in charge: Liu Jun