Introducing the application of Jamaica Sugar levelFPGA in racing engine control units

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System designs based on MCUs, custom ASICs, and bulky cable bundles to implement engine and control electronics have developed to close to their technical and application limits. The car industry is facing new design challenges. This article introduces the application of FPGA in Applications in racing engine control units help designers ease the pressure to release products to market faster, reduce component count, standardize on a single hardware platform and meet evolving safety requirements.
In the past, the development cycle of car electronic products was long, but now many car manufacturers are committed to designing the new generation of cars that consumers need in a shorter time. Equipment such as GPS navigation systems and DVD players have relatively short product life cycles, so the product is put into the market Speed ​​is very important. Today, the use of ASICs may increase the development cycle by 30 weeks, and the mask cost has increased significantly, further increasing the income and risks.

Figure 1:? TDDB evaluation results of 4.2nm oxide film under pressure conditions (pay attention to sporadic failures in the early breakdown area).
At the same time, because the current car has introduced many standards and technologies, the application of ASIC lacks flexibility, thus increasing the risk of its being abandoned and delayed use. Consumers also demand a variety of performance options, forcing car manufacturers to use a set of component combinations as a basis and then configure them according to different needs. To quickly implement these highly integrated and ever-changing systems, FPGAs that can bring products to market quickly provide car manufacturers with the flexibility they need to deliver products in the field.Perform system hardware upgrades without costly rework and component replacement. Therefore, FPGA is now used in car electronics, ranging from design verification to manufacturing and services. As space in the car becomes increasingly scarce, programmable logic’s ability to integrate many features with different functions into a small single-chip Jamaicans Sugardaddy design is extremely attractive. Attractive.
Reliability and Safety of FPGA Components
car Electronic designers can significantly improve their ability to deal with a variety of faults by using FPGA technology with an expanded temperature range. Although many component suppliers adopt preventive design techniques and control methods to simulate the effects of surrounding conditions, certain FPGA architectures still have inherent advantages in withstanding extended temperature ranges.
The ability to work at low temperatures is not only good for resisting failure. Since car electronic applications do not have enough space or cost to add fans and heat sinks, the components must still provide the required performance without internal heat sinks.
Extreme surrounding conditions often cause failure modes related to FPGA assembly and packaging, and Jamaica Sugar Daddy has nothing to do with the device itself related. Therefore, it is very important to reserve specification leeway at all levels of the car electronic system. Some FPGA products have Jamaica Sugar Daddy a wider military temperature range, which can better define the thermal expansion coefficient and avoid thermal stress. influence.
Even when operating under normal temperatures and voltages, repeated application of voltage stress on the FPGA’s gate oxide film will eventually Jamaicans Escort Cause breakdown of the dielectric insulation layer in the component. This breakdown phenomenon that occurs over time is called ‘time dependent breakdown’ (TDDB). Coupled with the use of deep sub-micron technology, the risk of such failures occurring in the field will be increased.
JM Escorts The problem is that the new process uses high-pressure stress testing for evaluation. This type of testing is useful in obtaining statistical predictions of oxide film life and detecting major manufacturing and process difficulties, but it is of little use in modeling and predicting late-stage failures in products, especially for sporadic failures. The final breakdown will occur when the component is put into applicationJamaica Sugar causes serious failure results within a short period of time (see Figure 1).
Identifying and eliminating the causes of these initial breakdown failures is a major challenge Challenge. Testing and verification from TDDB data can determine the true breakdown life limit of the oxide film, but these data are not reliable in determining the life of individual component products.
Even semiconductor suppliers have no way to find out or cancel. Early failures, more and more predictions Jamaica Sugar Daddy indicate that the true life cycle of 90nm components may be insufficient to meet the requirements of many commercial applications. These facts are correct, car product designers JM Escorts have no choice but to specify components based on more reliable geometric dimensions and processes, in order to Improving reliability and voluntarily abandoning the marginal benefits of new generation processes
Reasons affecting the reliability of car systems
After understanding the major physical failure risks of car electronic products, it may seem strange to discuss issues such as safety and anti-tampering at this time. . However, any discussion of the factors affecting the reliability of car systems is incomplete without considering the impact of human intervention (interested or intentional). Importantly, IJamaica SugarWe must ensure that the establishment of car security and reliability starts at the component level. For example, if a hacker can break into an FPGA-based satellite radio receiver, And destroying the user’s identity identification mechanism, some unscrupulous users can access services without spending money. >If it is broken, Jamaicans Escort can easily distribute the relevant skills to the public. Just log in to certain websites. It is easy to find a variety of console software that provides free services. From a car manufacturer’s perspective, high-risk situations may involve the car’s anti-theft or security system.

Figure 2: Life Racing’s engine control unit.
Perhaps a more dangerous situation is that more and more people are trying to ‘tune’ car products to improve performance, this often undermines regional or national security and surrounding environmental standards. This kind of illegal modification activity is provided through a variety of channels, and many modifiers will recalibrate the various methods. Routine settings of on-board system components, and modifications to fuel delivery, electronic ignition timing, and other control functions to enhance performance.
Of course, these changes may cause the car to drive in violation of the manufacturer’s technical specifications and warranty regulations. However, smart modifiers provide the option to restore all modifications and make the car that is damaged or used outside the standard comply with the manufacturer’s warranty terms, in order to obtain compensation that complies with the law.
To reduce these safety problems, technology should be used. The selection begins. Industry experts generally agree that antifuses are the most secure programmable architectures available because it is extremely difficult to understand the conditions of antifuse-based components. For example, Actel’s 2 million gate antifuse FPGA includes. There are about 53 million antifuses, only 2-5% of which are programmed in ordinary designs. Therefore, the chance of successfully reading the internal events of a design is slim.Jamaicans Sugardaddy Micro, not to mention changing the programming state in it.
Generally speaking, Flash-based components are also safe; because the semiconductor layer of Flash does not Any physical changes, so it is impossible to know the status of the component through non-compliance detection. Some suppliers even adopt schemes such as access keys to further strengthen the protection measures. Actel’s new ProASICPLUS series adopts 79 to Once a 263-bit key is protected by a key, the underlying transactions cannot be read unless Jamaica Sugar Unlocking the component In contrast, SRAM-based components require an additional configuration component (usually an onboard PROMJamaicans Sugardaddy). A device bit stream is sent to the SRAM component when it is powered on, but this bit stream is easily intercepted by hackers, so its contents are copied or directly read
Racing engine control unit (ECU) applications. Example
Among the many fields of car electronic system development, racing has always been the place where FPGA shows its talentsoccasion. In the field of car ECU, FPGA can help improve mobility, performance and reliability. Competitive racing ECUs require sophisticated tuning algorithms optimized for each Jamaica Sugar independent controller. To manage the timing performance of the engine. Using the traditional solution, the standard Time Processing Unit (TPU) controller, this key software solution needs significant modifications as application requirements change. However, with the Flash-based Jamaica Sugar FPGA’s in-system reprogrammable performance (ISP), designers can use single-chip Jamaicans Escort chip’s power-on execution FPGA component is replaced with JM Escorts a> previous TPU controller, thereby shortening software development time, reducing debugging requirements and accelerating the overall time to market of the product (Figure 2).
In ECU, the important function of ordinary FPGA is to retrieve the engine position information from the crankshaft touch wheel signal. The FPGA will send out a CPU stop signal based on the image of the machine axis angle of Jamaicans Escort instead of the touch wheel tooth position used in traditional designs, thus improving flexibility. sex and closeness. ECUs typically program fuel addition and ignition actions as scheduled adjustment events, based on the engine’s operating status at the time the adjustment code is executed. Changing engine operating conditions before an incident can cause angular errors, and the adjustment code often matches the current engine’s crankshaft gear tooth patternJamaica SugarIntimately related. FPGA can make the scheduling code independent of the signal pattern, and can also perform event scheduling and continuous adjustment by monitoring the engine working status until the event occurs. This can improve code efficiency and flexibility while improving control tightness in static states. Moreover, the power-on execution performance of Flash-based FPGAs (such as ActeJamaica Sugarl’s ProASIC Plus) can help designers eliminate traditional Needed to stop fuel injection drives or incineratorsJamaicans Sugar Daddy Burning Coil Driver An add-on to launch in the Jamaica Sugar Daddy power-up era.
Life Racing’s proprietary ECUdesignF88 was successfully used in the first round of the 2003 Superfund World Series – an important stepping stone into Formula 1.
Currently, the commercial route. Vehicle manufacturers are also considering Life Racing’s ECUs, which are highly flexible and best suited for use in prototyping and development environments. FPGAs are becoming widely adopted for the next generation of engines. In the design plan of car electronics, I have a deep understanding of various techniques in the process of selecting FPGAJamaica Sugar Daddy ://jamaica-sugar.com/”>JM Escorts‘s unique features allow car designers to benefit from the most promising technologies without affecting the industry’s ability to create highly reliable and cost-effective cars. good reputation.